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🔬 Interactive Periodic Table

All 118 elements. Hover to preview - click for full details on the elements we have data for. Colour-coded by element category.

1 H Hydrogen
2 He Helium 3 Li Lithium 4 Be Beryllium
5 B Boron 6 C Carbon 7 N Nitrogen 8 O Oxygen 9 F Fluorine 10 Ne Neon 11 Na Sodium 12 Mg Magnesium
13 Al Aluminium 14 Si Silicon 15 P Phosphorus 16 S Sulfur 17 Cl Chlorine 18 Ar Argon 19 K Potassium 20 Ca Calcium
21 Sc Scandium
22 Ti Titanium
23 V Vanadium
24 Cr Chromium
25 Mn Manganese
26 Fe Iron
27 Co Cobalt
28 Ni Nickel 29 Cu Copper 30 Zn Zinc
31 Ga Gallium
32 Ge Germanium
33 As Arsenic
34 Se Selenium
35 Br Bromine 36 Kr Krypton
37 Rb Rubidium
38 Sr Strontium
39 Y Yttrium
40 Zr Zirconium
41 Nb Niobium
42 Mo Molybdenum
43 Tc Technetium
44 Ru Ruthenium
45 Rh Rhodium
46 Pd Palladium
47 Ag Silver
48 Cd Cadmium
49 In Indium
50 Sn Tin
51 Sb Antimony
52 Te Tellurium
53 I Iodine 54 Xe Xenon
55 Cs Caesium
56 Ba Barium
57–71
Ln
72 Hf Hafnium
73 Ta Tantalum
74 W Tungsten
75 Re Rhenium
76 Os Osmium
77 Ir Iridium
78 Pt Platinum 79 Au Gold 80 Hg Mercury
81 Tl Thallium
82 Pb Lead
83 Bi Bismuth
84 Po Polonium
85 At Astatine
86 Rn Radon
87 Fr Francium
88 Ra Radium
89–103
An
104 Rf Rutherfordium
105 Db Dubnium
106 Sg Seaborgium
107 Bh Bohrium
108 Hs Hassium
109 Mt Meitnerium
110 Ds Darmstadtium
111 Rg Roentgenium
112 Cn Copernicium
113 Nh Nihonium
114 Fl Flerovium
115 Mc Moscovium
116 Lv Livermorium
117 Ts Tennessine
118 Og Oganesson
57 La Lanthanum
58 Ce Cerium
59 Pr Praseodymium
60 Nd Neodymium
61 Pm Promethium
62 Sm Samarium
63 Eu Europium
64 Gd Gadolinium
65 Tb Terbium
66 Dy Dysprosium
67 Ho Holmium
68 Er Erbium
69 Tm Thulium
70 Yb Ytterbium
71 Lu Lutetium
89 Ac Actinium
90 Th Thorium
91 Pa Protactinium
92 U Uranium
93 Np Neptunium
94 Pu Plutonium
95 Am Americium
96 Cm Curium
97 Bk Berkelium
98 Cf Californium
99 Es Einsteinium
100 Fm Fermium
101 Md Mendelevium
102 No Nobelium
103 Lr Lawrencium
Alkali metals
Alkaline earth
Transition metals
Metalloids
Non-metals
Halogens
Noble gases
Lanthanides
Actinides
🔗 Clickable = detailed page

📚 Core Concepts

The fundamental ideas every chemistry student should understand - from atomic structure to thermodynamics.

The Periodic Table

How the periodic table is organised and why it's one of the greatest intellectual achievements in science.

The periodic table has predicted 9 elements before they were discovered.
Element 43 (Technetium) was the first artificially produced element.
Read more →
🔗
Chemical Bonding

Why atoms bond together - ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds explained simply.

The strongest single chemical bond is the triple bond in N₂ (nitrogen gas) - 945 kJ/mol.
DNA's double helix is held together by hydrogen bonds - weak individually, but collectively very stable.
Read more →
⚗️
Chemical Reactions

The laws that govern all chemical reactions - conservation of mass, energy, and equilibrium.

The Haber process (N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃) feeds roughly half the world's population by making fertiliser.
A catalyst can speed up a reaction by a factor of 10 billion without being consumed.
Read more →
🧪
Acids, Bases & pH

The pH scale from 0–14, what acids and bases are, and why this chemistry governs life, industry, and your stomach.

Battery acid is ~pH 0.5. Bleach is ~pH 12.5. A difference of 12 pH units is 1 trillion-fold in H⁺ concentration.
Soap is mildly alkaline (~pH 9–10) which is why it lifts oils and kills bacteria.
Read more →
🌿
Organic Chemistry

The chemistry of carbon - the foundation of life, plastics, medicines, fuels, and food.

There are over 10 million known organic compounds, and ~250,000 new ones are synthesised each year.
Aspirin was first synthesised in 1897: it took until 1971 to understand how it works (inhibits COX enzymes).
Read more →
🌡️
Thermodynamics

The laws that govern energy, heat, and entropy - why things happen (or don't) in chemistry.

All biological processes (ATP synthesis, muscle contraction, DNA replication) are governed by Gibbs free energy.
A refrigerator doesn't create cold - it moves heat from inside to outside, in compliance with the second law.
Read more →

⚗️ At-Home Experiments

Real chemistry you can do at home. Click to reveal step-by-step instructions.

Electrolysis of Water
Easy ⏱ 15 min
You'll need
WaterSalt or baking soda9V battery2 pencils or carbon rodsContainer
1.Dissolve a teaspoon of salt in water (electrolyte improves conductivity).
2.Push two pencils through the container sides so tips are submerged.
3.Connect pencil leads to battery terminals with wires.
4.Observe bubbles: cathode (−) produces H₂ (twice as much), anode (+) produces O₂.
You're splitting water (2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂) using electricity. The H₂ is the same fuel used in hydrogen fuel cells.
🟣
Red Cabbage pH Indicator
Easy ⏱ 20 min
You'll need
Red cabbageWaterVarious household liquids (vinegar, lemon juice, baking soda, bleach)White cups
1.Boil/blend red cabbage and strain out the purple juice - this is your indicator.
2.Pour small amounts into cups.
3.Add a few drops of each test liquid to separate cups.
4.Red/pink = acid, purple = neutral, green/yellow = alkaline.
Red cabbage contains anthocyanin, a natural pH indicator that changes structure (and colour) in different pH environments.
🐘
Elephant Toothpaste
Medium ⏱ 10 min
You'll need
30% hydrogen peroxide H₂O₂ (pharmacy)Yeast packetWarm waterDish soapTall cylinder
1.Mix yeast with warm water in a cup - this activates it.
2.Add dish soap to the hydrogen peroxide in the cylinder.
3.Quickly pour the yeast mixture into the cylinder.
4.Stand back!
2H₂O₂ → 2H₂O + O₂. Yeast (catalyst) rapidly decomposes hydrogen peroxide. The soap traps the oxygen, creating a huge foam. The foam is slightly warm - an exothermic reaction.

🌍 Chemistry in Everyday Life

The chemistry happening around you right now - in your kitchen, your phone, your body, and your walls.

🧼
Soap
Saponification

Fat + strong base (NaOH) → soap (sodium salt of fatty acids) + glycerol. The long non-polar tail of the soap molecule traps oil; the polar head is attracted to water. Soap is a surfactant - it bridges oil and water, allowing water to carry away grease.

🔋
Batteries
Electrochemistry (Redox)

A battery is a spontaneous redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction in a box. Electrons flow from the anode (oxidation) to the cathode (reduction) through the external circuit. Li-ion batteries use lithium intercalation - Li⁺ ions shuttling between electrodes through an electrolyte.

🍳
Cooking
Maillard Reaction + Denaturation

The Maillard reaction (amino acids + sugars at >140°C) creates hundreds of flavour and colour compounds in browned food. Protein denaturation (egg "cooking") unfolds protein chains, changing texture. Baking soda (NaHCO₃) releases CO₂ in acid, making cakes rise.

🔩
Rust
Electrochemical Corrosion

Iron + water + oxygen → iron(III) oxide (Fe₂O₃·nH₂O). Rust is an electrochemical process: iron acts as an anode (oxidised), oxygen at the water surface is reduced. Salt accelerates corrosion by increasing conductivity. Galvanising (zinc coating) makes iron the cathode instead.

🎆
Fireworks
Metal Ion Emission Spectra

Different metal salts emit different colours when heated: lithium → red, sodium → yellow, barium → green, copper → blue, strontium → crimson. Electrons absorb energy, jump to higher energy levels, then fall back, releasing photons of specific wavelengths (colours). This is also how emission spectroscopy identifies elements.

🍺
Fermentation
Anaerobic Glycolysis

Yeast converts glucose to ethanol and CO₂ in the absence of oxygen: C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂. This is how beer, wine, bread, and kombucha are made. The same process in your muscles during intense exercise produces lactic acid instead (causing the burn).

The nuclear connection

Nuclear physics and chemistry are deeply linked - from radioactive decay to nuclear fuel chemistry. Explore the nuclear side on NexoHub.

☢️ Nuclear Elements → 🔋 Nuclear Fuel Cycle →